Research Archive

A beach covered in debris with partially collapsed buildings along the shore.
Research| January 21, 2025

Climate Defaults and Financial Adaptation

A new model of climate-induced cyclones shows they cause welfare losses and permanent consumption drops in emerging economies. Financial adaptation instruments like insurance only partially offset losses.

Published by European Economic Review
A white house flooded.
Research| November 16, 2023

Flood Risk Mapping in the New York Federal Reserve’s Second District

Widespread inaccuracies in flood risk mapping may result in inadequate insurance coverage with banks less likely to lend into areas with inaccurate maps, say economists.

Published by Liberty Street Economics, New York Federal Reserve
Flooding in a street in Steyr, Austria.
Research| October 12, 2023

How Climate Change Affects Potential Output

Climate change and the actions taken to tackle it will cause structural changes to the economy with “profound effects” on potential output, says this ECB report.

Published by European Central Bank
Large ocean waves crashing against a row of houses
Research| September 4, 2023

Climate Change and Sovereign Risk

Climate change creates substantial sovereign credit risks which should be reflected in banks’ capital provisions and central banks’ prudential policy and risk management.

Published by European Central Bank
Flooding in Valkenburg aan de Geul, Netherlands in July 2021
Research| June 7, 2023

Policy Options to Reduce the Climate Insurance Protection Gap

Reducing the climate insurance gap is key to curbing the economic losses caused by climate catastrophes but only 25% of losses are insured in the EU, according to this report.

Published by European Central Bank

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