Research Archive
How Do Climate-related Conditions Affect Norwegian Enterprises?
Norwegian businesses say that climate related conditions are affecting their operations and raising costs, but the majority also report positive overall effects of transition due to growth in investment and opportunity.
Results of the 2022 Climate Risk Stress Test of the Eurosystem Balance Sheet
The European Central Bank’s 2022 stress test finds that the Eurosystem’s balance sheet is materially exposed to climate risks and that the corporate bond portfolio is the primary source of exposure.
Carbon Default Swap
Researchers develop an innovative risk proxy that can be used to assess how carbon risk exposure influences firms’ creditworthiness on a granular level. The results show that carbon risk is a determinant of credit risk.
How Blue Financing Can Sustain Ocean Conservation and Development
This article considers the central role oceans play in climate change mitigation and presents a benchmark blue finance mechanism to close the financing gap in marine conservation and sustainable ocean governance.
Climate-related Risks and the Regulatory Capital Framework
Gaps in the understanding of climate risks create uncertainty over capital requirements and macroprudential policy. This Bank of England report states that firms and regulators must improve their climate risk management.
The Effects of Climate Change on the Natural Rate of Interest
This working paper by the ECB says climate change may reduce natural interest, creating serious issues for monetary policymaking. The authors say an orderly transition would mitigate this, and central banks should address carbon biases to meet mandates.
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